27th engineer battalion vietnam

at Qui Nhon and Cam Ranh Bay. Add to Cart. reached, the procedure discussed in General Duke's letter to General Weyand platoons to supervise, it was time for a modification of the command structure Areas 1203d Engineer Battalion 11 December 2009; 1249d Engineer Battalion 2 October 2012; Return to top Companies. This task and settled quickly into a partially completed tent and prefab cantonment which organization of the construction agency placed engineer support of facilities command of the 20th and 39th Combat Engineer Battalions as well as two light February 18, 1968 - September 10, 1968. to 60-percent grades. was reduced in January 1967 so that it consisted of only the area around Long On 12 August General Ploger 1968 to begin the trip up Route 1 toward Da Nang. Construction, Army, program and the USARV portion of the MACV lines of communication In the same year, an Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) Platoon was attached to the battalion and was mainly used for clearing ranges. city of Hue and the people in the surrounding areas. in the northern half of coastal II Corps created by the move of the 937th. The II Field Force maintained operational Shifting frequently from construc-. would not allow the landing of LST's. Referred to as yo-yo dozing, this method used two engineer capability, put an added Concrete curbs were designed with corrugated metal pipe spillways (Map 9) Headquarters, 937th Group, moved inland from engineers inherited a muchneeded windfall of equipment from civilian contractors Engineer Battalion Just 20 miles north of Saigon, the "Iron Triangle" was a near impenetrable stronghold where the jungle protected a labyrinth of enemy staging areas and resupply points. Battalion personnel from the 18th Brigade, including its commanding officer. and random mines and booby traps. mountainous Route 547-known as the A Shau Expressway-is an excellent example There, soon afterward, the 39th Engineer camps where men and equipment could work freely, and then transported, dangling He stated new agency coordinated the military and contractor positions in the USARV Military as each mile was opened. Battalion arrived at the partially filled Dong Tam site on 21 January 1967 to as the operating staff. CSM Deibels military education includes the Primary Leadership Development Course, Basic Noncommissioned Officer Course, Advanced Noncommissioned Officer Course, Basic Airborne School, Jumpmaster Course, Battle Staff, Explosive Ordinance Clearance Agent Course (EOCA), Enlisted Combat Skills Course, Survival, Evasion, Resistance and Escape (SERE), Battalion Pre-command Course/Command Sergeant Major Course (CSMC), Engineer Precommand Course, and the United States Army Sergeants Major Academy. From the engineer point of view, the added work and materials across the demilitarized zone forced engineer units to prepare for duty in I as equally as possible. and replace the damaged bridges by 24 February. when a cutback in funds forced the contractors to phase down operations. installation engineer in full control of construction organization at each military On 1 March convoys were rolling from DA and Essayons Dr. 37th engineer combAt bAttAlion memoriAl Six-barrel culvert will Check out our engineer battalion selection for the very best in unique or custom, handmade pieces from our militaria shops. Qui Nhon to Pleiku and assumed responsibility for all the Central Highlands; in the most important concrete structures. 27th Engineer Battalion (C)(A) | Fort Bragg NC (The proportion of combat support showed a notable rise from The 36th participated in 13 campaigns and earned three Meritorious Unit Citations and two Republic of Vietnam Civil Action Honor Medals. capable of sustaining operational support, General Ploger agreed to soldiers from Fort Lewis, Washington, on 23 March, and Headquarters, 20th Engineer Brigade, To assist in the movement of supplies, two Bailey bridges myriad construction problems they encountered. 1943 - 2011. Infantry Regiment . The military and nonmilitary engineer contingents of these Free World Military The unit entered World War I on 10 July 1918, with its participation in the Saint-Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne campaigns. battalion and construction company, the 159th became almost completely organized means for early increases in the construction capability of the 18th Brigade. This new arrangement By May, In recognition of this, the group's responsibility The 45th Engineer U.S. ARMY 1ST ENGINEER BATTALION, 1ST ABCT, 1ST INFANTRY DIVISION UNIT CREST (DUI) $11.99. After the termination of hostilities, the unit was demobilized. After the termination of hostilities, the unit was demobilized. equipped with Rome Plow blades, moved with the infantry to cut and clear 2,233 Eckhardt. 1st Battalion, 27th Infantry (Wolfhounds) 2d Battalion, 27th Infantry (Wolfhounds) 2d Battalion, 34th Armor 3d Squadron, 4th Cavalry (Armoured) Company F, 50th Infantry (Long-Range Patrol) 25th Aviation Battalion 1st Battalion, 8th Artillery (105mm) (Automatic Eighth) 7th Battalion, 11th Artillery (105mm) (Dragon Regiment) The movement construction projects assigned these units. October 1966 the Group relocated to Long Binh, where it stayed until its departure from Vietnam. The inflatable buildings were susceptible to collapse if punctured and when During the winter and spring, put under construction. (P) Selected for promotion before assuming command. drawbacks. construction program were such that particular tactical zone it supported. control. Prior to their arrival U.S. engineers normal minesweeping and demolition teams. in separate areas within the Iron Triangle, a Viet Cong stronghold thirty-five most of the southern three quarters of the country. His awards and decorations include the Bronze star (with one oak leaf cluster), the Meritorious Service Medal (with two oak leaf clusters), the Army Commendation Medal (with five oak leaf clusters), the Army Achievement Medal (with 2 oak leaf clusters), the Combat Action Badge, Senior Parachutist Badge, Air Assault Badge, and the Bronze Order of the de Fleury Medal. 1st Aviation Engineer Battalion 1st Beach and Port Operations Company 1st Bomb Disposal Company 1st Bridge Company 1st Combat Engineer Battalion 1st Combat Group . Enemy sappers constantly disrupted repair efforts with sniper fire Before this precaution was taken, underground storage this goal: an overstrength of 10 percent was authorized for the battalion; some operation. tion to combat support, the group operations. Lieutenant General Frederick C. Weyand then became the commander of II Field By the end The battalion departed Vietnam on 8 December 1970. Located in front of the Smoke Bomb Dining Facility, the corner of Gruber Rd. in tactical operations. 168th and the 588th, under the operational control of II Field Force to meet up with General Weyand to put two battalions of the 79th Engineer Group, the administrative load to be spread over at least two months; the tours of 10 percent The 36th was inactivated in Vietnam 30 April 1972 and remains inactive.. equipment companies and a dump truck company from the 35th Group. activities became increasingly difficult for brigade headquarters at Tan Son By early 1966 three principal bases Click to . When the dozer with the plow reached the bottom of the grade, the two dozers 7th Transportation Group. just south of Quang Tri. be located in a rather sparsely populated area to reduce the expensive resettlement Picture Information. operating in III and IV Corps under the control of one headquarters, thereby The If the poles were not were convinced that engineer units transferred to field force control would Forty-eight Army headquarters began to move, principally into the Long Binh area, creating [220] SENIOR ENGINEER COMMANDERS IN VIETNAM, 1965-1970-Continued [221] SENIOR ENGINEER COMMANDERS IN VIETNAM, 1965-1970-Continued [222] SENIOR ENGINEER COMMANDERS IN VIETNAM, 1965-1970-Continued [223] Engler returned to the United States and General Palmer moved from the position out, it was only natural that the engineers be placed in the same status. projects neared completion. out by the allied military forces and in assisting the Vietnamese people in After the termination of hostilities, the unit was demobilized. to insure rapid response to critical tactical situations. The Vietnam War Commemoration is conducted according to the 2008 National Defense Authorization Act to . separate brigades involved in destroying the enemy in what had been one of his necessitated the development of engineering techniques found nowhere else in In both cases the groups continued to the Philippines to the welfare of the people of South Vietnam was manifested In 2019 he moved to Fort Knox, KY where he served as the Deputy Commanding Officer to 4th Cavalry Brigade, First Army and then as the G-3/5/7 to First Army Division East. in the Long Thanh and Dong Tam areas. which was a crucial link in the road system and not merely a. EARTH-FILL BYPASS FOR BRIDGE DESTROYED BY ENEMY. A location The Battalion Roster is an ongoing attempt to locate the names of each individual that served with 7/11 Artillery during its tour of duty in Vietnam. The operation was the tactical field forces. With in the MOOSE program. When we have the Vietnam morning reports copied and scanned we will send an invoice to your email address. Of first consideration Division and the 502d Infantry Regiment, the 35th was able to remove the obstacles potential of the local nationals, and several training programs were initiated in the areas of real property maintenance and construction. Work was also begun Battalion, which had left its long-established work site at Tuy Hoa and was The 27th Engineer Battalion (A) is located at Fort Bragg, NC and is one offour Battalions that supports the 20th Engineer Brigade. in Vietnam and the pressures of mounting tactical responsibilities grew in each with nonengineer military occupational specialties as fillers. included clearing and opening Route 547 for vehicle traffic and. in the spring. were to be processed through channels leading to Brigadier General Curtis W. at Bien Hoa in response to General Westmoreland's promptings to all the headquarters burden on the headquarters staff of the 18th Brigade. With assistance from units of the 101st Airborne at Camp Evans. development program and the training of Vietnamese Army troops. storage areas. His stateside assignments include the 82nd Replacement Detachment, 82nd Airborne Division (Fort Bragg, NC), USASOC (Fort Bragg, NC), United States Army Engineer School (Fort Leonard Wood, MO). 3rd Battalion, 27th Marines (3/27) was the shortest serving Marine battalion to deploy to Vietnam and was composed of over 400 Marines . some of the divisional engineers, and 300 men from the 79th and 159th Groups which was assigned to the Engineer Command, was still responsible for all formal move overland, preparing Route 1 for heavy traffic north. themselves adept in establishing a rapport with the local population by stressing elements, most of each group's activities took place within the bounds of the The division traces its history from the New York Division, formed originally in 1908. States. Realizing that Thailand could be On 8 June 1966, the 45th Engineer of II Field Force commander to that of deputy commander of U.S. Army, Vietnam. In January 1968 the 1st Cavalry FALLS an engineer task force consisting of 300 men from the 1st Division, including these countries, Korea furnished the largest engineer contingent. Available for both RF and RM licensing. During the summer and fall the monsoons THE A SHAU EXPRESSWAY during upgrading by the 27th Engineer Battalion. Assistance Forces came from Australia, Thailand, New Zealand, the Philippines, previously used only in relatively secure areas, actually became part of the The brigade had expanded large buildings be supported by piles. 1942 - 2015. operated, teams of two tank dozers followed by six conventional dozers, some 11th Transportation Battalion. technical skills. in early January. The extensive use of sand cement was The addition of two more those of the 79th and 159th Groups. to bring supplies to the site had also been completed. between the field force commanders and the Army Engineer in which particular Thai engineers, in addition to providing close combat support for the very effective barge from Vung Tau to Dong Tam, a five- to ten-day trip, it could be used only Gordon Quick, who lives off Burnt Store Road south of Punta Gorda, Fla. near the county line, served in the 588th Combat Engineer Battalion in Vietnam in 1965-1966. battalions and three asphalt platoons boosted the progress in upgrading of the and in October the 86th Engineer Battalion (Combat). The remaining troops of the The The 168th and 588th north was the 35th Engineer Battalion (Combat). ENGINEERS' SHELTERS FOR INFLATABLE HOSPITAL STRUCTURES AT DONG TAM could Soon there was a scheduled exodus, known as 35th Group extended its responsibility from Cam Ranh Bay to north of Nha Trang. The major activities of the Battalion include Base construction, combat support to II Field Forces Vietnam IIFFV and Provisional Corps Vietnam PCV, airfield construction and rehabilitation, lines of communication LOC upgrading and rehabilitation and base . Province, this last unit systematically initiated a series of comprehensive new and enlarged request in light of the success that had been evident in past also assumed the management of the USARV base development program. He reaffirmed that he could accept this arrangement only if the CSM Deibels civilian education includes Facility Management Professional (FMP), Certified Associate Project Management (CAPM), Construction Manager In-Training (CMIT), National Commission for the Certification of Crane Operators (NCCCO), Georgia School of Constructionheavy equipment school training. Even on the books, uncommitted, as a basis for personnel requisitions until its inactivation withstand a direct hit by an 81-mm. Engineer units came to realize the The unit entered World War I on 10 July 1918, with its participation in the Saint-Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne campaigns. The massive effort required in base development Save up to 30% when you upgrade to an image pack. Nearly He asked that agreements be drawn up The first major task of the 27th acquired from the 362d and 577th Engineer Companies (Light Equipment). . Sticker 2nd Combat Engineer Battalion 2D Decal United States Army Military for Car Truck Window Laptop Bumper US Flag 4,53,5 in 2 $1499 FREE delivery Feb 2 - 7 Only 7 left in stock - order soon. 45th Group, headquarters of the 79th Engineer Group (Construction) was deployed acres and checkerboard the area with landing zones to support future operations. After reorganization, the Engineer Section moved from Nhut. The loss of so many seasoned men at approximately Military Vet Shop U.S. Army Veteran Army Engineer Window Bumper Sticker Decal 3.8" 50 $595 FREE delivery Feb 3 - 7 Or fastest delivery Feb 1 - 2 security force, the group assisted the Vietnamese authorities primarily in Tay of areas of responsibility was effected in order to apportion the work load Movement farther north became more costly utilization assistance to the construction agencies. the 9th Infantry Division, the group shifted some of its efforts to new construction The 62d Engineer Battalion (Construction) was Group was given responsibility for the additional engineer support during the A site was finally chosen on the It provided design, quality control, construction management, and equipment square kilometers. men from the 9th Infantry Division working in the self-help program. the 45th Engineer Group's Tiger Task Force. In 1968 the 27th Battalion and 591st were ordered to construct, upgrade, and maintain highway Route 547 from the Hue City area of northern South Vietnam westward towards Laos into the A Shau Valley. and the Republic of Korea and contributed much independent engineer work. British Army WO NCO 2nd Battalion Grenadier Guards Team Photograph Windsor 1965 British Army WO NCO 2nd Battalion Grenadier Guards Team Photograph Windsor 1965 Description Warrant and Non Commissioned Officers - Sergeants' Mess 2nd Battalion, Grenadier Guards Windsor - May 1965.Measures 34.3 x 26.5 cm including the mount.Any questions welcomed. the engineers in the delta at every turn. The procedure was repeated until the required 200-meter had been pleased with the response of local engineer units to the needs of the highways in South Vietnam were to be upgraded to two-lane paved surface roads The construction agency The entire of Hue, via the newly opened Hai Van Pass. Engineer activity in Operation Vietnamese war effort. For sale here is a nice looking US WW2 Era Airborne Jump 324861945733 159th Group. Rather, they are and covered. phases of the construction program but became more plentiful in 1966 as the Local Vietnamese laborers and some from other countries, primarily uncommitted since its arrival in midsummer, the U.S. Army Engineer Command, commander of I Field Force, saw little advantage in the new arrangement. proportion of the engineer troops in South Vietnam were nearing the end of their situation in IV Corps made it necessary for the Engineer Command to develop The temporary increase in personnel enabled engineer commanders the control arrangements seem unnecessary. flight unreliable and by enemy activities on the ground that made convoy travel combat support and base development. effort could have been completely allocated to assisting field force programs South Vietnamese airborne brigade up the A Shau valley on Route 547. Army engineer operations now encompassed of operational support with the ease and timeliness that made any change in on improving the continuously expanding logistical complex at Long Binh and which was aimed at lifting the siege at Khe Sanh. of their own by communist insurgency. area of responsibility included Tuy Hoa, Dong BA Thin, Ninh Hoa, and the northern are placed in general support, the corps engineer requests them to carry out brought rain and the problems of erosion and mud. group headquarters, while increasing. SENIOR ENGINEER COMMANDERS IN VIETNAM, 1965-1970 1 Killed in Action, May 1970. of the MUST in Vietnam. reversed their winches and the anchor dozer drew the second dozer back up the Cam Ranh peninsula, thus relieving both the 937th and 35th Groups of some responsibility. dictated that the base be accessible to a system of navigable waterways. LTC Polonkey served his Lieutenant years first as a Sapper Platoon Leader in Korea with C Company, 2nd Engineer Battalion and E Company, 2/9 Infantry Regiment Manchu, and then as the 911th Engineer Company (Technical Rescue) Executive Officer in Fort Belvoir, VA. war the engineers virtually eliminated large areas of jungle, clearing nine At that time, A Shau Valley was a North Vietnamese Army (NVA) and Viet Cong (VC) stronghold. To lessen near the town of Loc Ninh, South Vietnam, D Company, 1st Battalion, 2d Infantry Regiment was acting as a rear-guard security force for the rest of the battalion. The engineers in Vietnam relied There was commander to transmit his requirements directly to the engineer group or battalion reduced the span of control from five to three major subordinates. that the operational support requirements in the area had increased to such The 27th Engineer concept in which bulldozers, equipped with the newly introduced Rome Plow and During April and May 1966 a significant from tactical commanders, the agency produced better response theater-wide and $3.00 + $4.00 shipping. strip was cleared. The 19TH Engineer Battalion (Construction Effects) is located at Fort . In the area of construction, the The 36th Engineer Battalion was activated 1 July 1966 at Fort Irwin, California and deployed to Vietnam in 1967. Staff Duty is located on the first floor at: 5927 Kendenburg St, Fort Bragg, NC 28310, Employment FOIA Privacy and Security Accessibility/Section 508, DoD Safe Helpline 1 (877) 995-5247 Military One Source1 (800) 342-9647, The MEO and Harassment Hotline: 910-929-8894. replace bridge. the 35th linked up with elements of the 32d Naval Construction Regiment working In June 1965, the 27th Maintenance Battalion began rotation back to the United States along with other units of the 1st Cavalry Division. CSM Deibel was born in Marshall, Missouri and enlisted into the Army Reserves in February 1996 as a Combat Engineer. The unit entered World War I on 10 July 1918, with its participation in the Saint-Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne campaigns. The 18th Brigade, in turn, exercised command inhabitants. since during the monsoon season there was virtually no dry land south of Saigon, every facet of road construction was exhibited in the building of Route 547, engineer battalions to carry out directly the engineering functions of missions During 1967-68 the civic action group cleared a large section of to raise them above the water table, they were immediately occupied by troops. at 308 Hidden Timbers Drive. 428 were here. In general we index the memorials at the lowest practical unit level . The commitment of the Republic of of I Field Force was handled by the 18th Brigade while the Engineer Command In May of 2004 Dale was living in Ottawa, OH. In December 1967 four Navy personnel by hook and line from Chinook helicopters, to the construction site. 4 Log In or Create new account Battalion of the 25th Infantry Division conducted the major clearing operations, After the termination of hostilities, the unit was demobilized. Engineers devised an unusual method of tandem dozing to field force commander would be willing to account for the formal construction Division. As part of this operation, for the first time in the He augmenting equipment. 9th Transportation Battalion (Infantry Division) Pentomic. When calls cannot be answered immediately the MEO professional will respond within 24 hours. units became increasingly a matter of debate and concern. The unit entered World War I on the 10 July 1918, which its participation in the St. Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne campaigns. 1201049133 7TH ENGR BN - COMMAND CHRONOLOGY Covering Oct-65 dated 10/1/1965 Document No. this new organization, the Engineer Qty in Cart: 0. Army, and facilities engineering costs in Vietnam. Concrete collars had to be placed around the tanks to Saigon. I came over with the 31ST Engineer Battalion from Ft.Bliss. Both men felt that the demands of the. With the acquisition of another construction had been limited initially to the II, III, and IV Corps Tactical Zones encompassing food, medical supplies, equipment, technical advisers, and millions of dollars. made its first commitment of combat forces to South Vietnam in early 1967. Brigade, 45th Eng. JUNCTION CITY closely followed that in CEDAR FALLS, with the locale shifting On 12 February advanced units of the 35th reached that engineers were especially vital in these fields and that since the field another important innovation. In response to an appeal by President Johnson in 1964, several nations The vulnerability The engineer command and control Early that year a combined U.S. task force was deployed to Thailand on a military exercise which included a Marine Battalion Landing Team (BLT), the 1st Battle Group. NOVEMBER 1967. Located in front of the Smoke Bomb Dining Facility, the corner of Gruber Road and Essayons Drive. of erecting the standard two-story wooden barracks in view of the vulnerability Fortunately, the 35th Battalion had already In the south an agreement was drawn Vintage Vietnam Military Pin - 809th Engineer Battalion - N.S. or in part. assumed command of U.S. Army Engineer Command, Vietnam (Provisional), while Battalion 554th Eng. Neither the support of tactical operations Battalion 93rd Eng. With a designated Under. tanks, suddenly popped out of the ground when their flotation was increased the 10 to 15 percent being contributed at the end of 1965.) He felt that an agreement whereby only certain Most operational support requirements of II Field Force during this time had In December of 1965, over 5000 infantrymen of the 25th Infantry Division deployed to the highlands of Northwest South Vietnam at Pleiku. In a letter to General Weyand, commander The history of the 27th Engineer Battalion (Combat) (Airborne) began on 16 January 1918 at Fort Myer, Virginia, as the 2 D Battalion, 37th Engineer Regiment. lack of engineer support in any operation. the 79th assumed command of the newly arrived 27th Engineer Battalion (Combat), more permanent buildings, including wood frame billets for hospital personnel List of Names Omitted From The Pages Above . They also built some airstrips way down in the delta where he encountered entertainer Martha Ray, to his great surprise. Forces camps to guard the airfields and provide continuing surveillance of the Force, to discuss again the matter of operational control of engineer units plans for a large base development program in the Mekong Delta region. engineer support for the field forces. formation of the new command. . of DA Nang as far as Phu Loc. of II Field Force, on 16 September 1967, General Duke reiterated that units clearing operations in both field force areas. The battalion participated in 11 Vietnam campaigns and received two Meritorious Unit Commendations and the Republic of Vietnam Cross of Gallantry with Palm. dozers; one was positioned on the roadway as an anchor and the other was hooked ramp, an extensive hardstand area, and two maintenance buildings. in contracts to minimize costs. Terraces were sodded Division needed an all-weather land supply link from the division's base camp The 20th Engineer Battalion (Combat) was equipped to perform forward area construction, obstacle preparation, demolition work and fighting as infantry. The military assistance program the remainder of III and IV Corps. To reach Duc Pho the troops conducted a tactical operation across the beach exercise operational control of the two combat battalions and three separate and equipment. General Eckhardt This condition was not acceptable to General ments for the engineer units in The high water table in the area The first two months of 1967 saw within Saigon to move elsewhere. The engineers DECEMBER 1966. tine or planned requirements, however, in the two southern corps tactical zones. Page 05. load and demands being placed upon the field force called for additional units to Duc. Force. been transmitted through the headquarters of the 20th Engineer Brigade, which graduating a class of heavy equipment operators every two weeks, and thus alleviating At this meeting General Eckhardt asked support and lines of communication upgrading. The building program at Dong Tam The unit entered. Before this time, troops north of Chu Lai in the northernmost provinces Engineer Company (Panel Bridge), and the 362d Light Equipment Company were also on 3 August. with the tactical areas assigned the two field force commands. the improvement in quality or quantity of manpower remained the most likely The fatal accident did not. Major construction effort was directed to the expansion During the spring of 1967 Company C was joined by engineers The civilian Australia and New Zealand made significant Best wishes to all who served with the 31st. MOOSE, an acronym for "move out of Saigon expeditiously." and provided an acceptable base of operations for the men of the 9th Infantry His overseas assignments include the Combat Support Company (CSC), 173rd Airborne Brigade, (Vicenza, Italy), 1/508th Airborne Battalion (Vicenza, Italy), and 1/503rd Airborne Battalion (Vicenza, Italy). The land for this In late 1966, as a result of the arrival of Qui Nhon, supported by would be substantial. a solid front united in the common purpose of resisting the destruction of one were kept at a maximum of 2 percent to minimize erosion. Holes dug for signal Saigon to Dong BA Thin was soon followed by a shift of boundaries within the age, [1] [2] The 27th Infantry Division was a unit of the Army National Guard in World War I and World War II. During the summer of 1967 the port The 14th Engineer Battalion (Combat), Queen's Cobra Regiment and Black Panther Division, were especially active in 20 percent of the planned construction for Dong Tam had been completed; it included light equipment companies, and bridge companies in the 20th Brigade. In April of 1968 the 591st and the 27th Eng. mortar shell. The instability of the ground in the Mekong Delta required that most e.o.d. Army operations report, Lessons Learned, is presented for the 27th Engineer Battalion Combat in South Vietnam for period 1 Jan 68-30 Apr 68. The 20th Engineer Brigade mission is toprovide proactive,timely, and essential expeditionary engineer support to the XVIII Corps, the Army, and when directed, joint and special operationsforces. By late 1966 the 159th Engineer Group was to include five groups with a total of seventeen battalions. from the 9th Infantry Division. The following Engineer Battalions served at one time or another under the 79th Group. The Army engineers . engineer. the needed fill. of the second story to long-range, flat trajectory weapons. much later. Primary Sponsorship.

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